Zero-day vs. known (n-day) exploits

✨ Megiddo

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Zero-day exploits target vulnerabilities unknown to software vendors, meaning developers have had zero days to create fixes. These represent the most dangerous and valuable exploits. On underground markets, zero-day exploits sell for $10,000 to $500,000 depending on the affected platform and potential impact.

According to Google's Threat Intelligence Group via Deepstrike, 75 zero-days were actively exploited in 2024. Enterprise-specific technologies — including VPNs, firewalls, and network edge devices — accounted for 44% of all zero-day exploitation, reflecting attackers' focus on high-value targets with network-wide impact.

Known exploits (n-day) target publicly disclosed vulnerabilities that potentially have patches available. Despite patch availability, these remain dangerous when organizations delay remediation. The VulnCheck data shows 69% of exploited vulnerabilities in H1 2025 required no authentication, meaning attackers could leverage them immediately upon discovering unpatched systems.